Nauru, also known as Pleasant Island, is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. It is the smallest island nation in the world, with a total area of only 21 square kilometers. The island is located approximately 2,400 kilometers northeast of Australia and is one of the three island nations that make up the Micronesian region.
The history of Nauru dates back to the end of the 18th century, when it was first sighted by Europeans, although it was already inhabited by the Nauruans. The Nauruans were a Polynesian people who had migrated to the island from the Gilbert Islands. They were a seafaring people and traded with the nearby islands.
In 1888, the island was annexed by Germany and was used as a phosphate mining site. The phosphate deposits were discovered in 1900 and were exported to Germany. This industry became the main source of income for the island and it was the main reason for its economic growth.
During World War I, Nauru was occupied by Australian forces and the island was administered by the League of Nations. After the war, the island was placed under a trusteeship of the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. In 1968, Nauru gained its independence and became a member of the United Nations.
Today, Nauru is a democratic nation with a population of around 11,000 people. Its economy is based on the export of phosphate, which is its main source of income. Tourism is also an important industry, with many visitors coming to the island to enjoy its tropical climate and its pristine beaches.
The island has no cities, but there are a number of villages and settlements. The capital of Nauru is Yaren, which is also the largest settlement on the island. Other settlements include Denigomodu, Boe, Anabar, and Meneng.
Nauru is an important part of the Pacific region and is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum, the Pacific Community, and the South Pacific Commission. It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.