The Livadia culture is an ancient Bronze Age culture that existed on the island of Cyprus between the 17th and 15th centuries BC. It is one of the most important archaeological cultures of the Mediterranean region and is known for its distinctive pottery and metalwork. The culture is named after the modern-day village of Livadia, which is located in the southern part of Cyprus.
The Livadia culture was first identified in the 1930s by the British archaeologist Sir John Myres and his team. They uncovered a number of significant sites, including the ancient city of Kition, which was the capital of the kingdom of Alasiya. The culture was divided into two distinct phases, the Early and Late Livadia.
The Early Livadia period is characterized by the production of pottery with a distinctive black-on-red decoration. This pottery was often decorated with geometric designs, including spirals, zigzags, and circles. Other artifacts from this period include stone tools, weapons, and jewelry.
The Late Livadia period is characterized by the production of pottery with a distinctive red-on-black decoration. This pottery was often decorated with more elaborate designs, including animals, birds, and human figures. Other artifacts from this period include metalwork, such as bronze tools and weapons, and jewelry.
The Livadia culture is also known for its distinctive burial practices. Burials were often placed in large stone-lined tombs, often with multiple chambers. Burials often included grave goods, such as pottery, weapons, and jewelry.
The Livadia culture was eventually replaced by the Mycenaean culture, which arrived in Cyprus in the 15th century BC. The Mycenaeans were the first to use iron and the first to introduce writing to the island. They also introduced a new form of pottery, known as the Mycenaean-style pottery.
The Livadia culture is an important part of the history of Cyprus. Its distinctive pottery and metalwork have been found in many archaeological sites across the island. The culture has also been studied extensively by archaeologists, providing valuable insights into the lives of the people who lived in Cyprus during this time.